Ancient Egypt s Technology And Construction - 1329 Words

I chose Ancient Egypt’s technology/construction for my topic because I find the way that civilization evolves to be very interesting, especially when it comes to older civilizations. Egyptians did not have the resources we now have, so they had to discover new ways to evolve and the materials required to do so on their own. Since Egyptians did not have access to the internet, this process was much more difficult for them than it is for us. I also like how they could build structures with more stability than modern day building but with less supplies. In this day and age, it seems as if we could not go a day without the internet. We need it for countless things such as checking the news and getting in touch with people. In fact, many people require computers for their jobs and schools are now encouraging students to use their phones for classwork. To think that an entire society could be so efficient without any electricity is astounding. Egyptians had different ways of hearing the news, working, communicating, and keeping records. I would like to learn about what Egyptians did to benefit today’s society in the way of technology and construction. Maybe they gave us the idea for something we now use on an everyday basis such as the telephone. Likewise, they could have greatly influenced our current day architecture with the way they built the pyramids and the sphinxes. To think that our modern day society would be different without the advances of the Egyptians isShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On Ancient Egypt1177 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology in Ancient Egypt When one thinks of Egypt, the first thing that comes to mind are the pyramids. The pyramids are the most recognized art form in history because of its uniqueness and aesthetics. This may be because for an ancient civilization, Egypt was astounding in regards of technology. They did not just build one model of their ideal pyramid, instead they created many over and over again, to establish a perfect resting place for their ruler and the ruler’s family. This verifies thatRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Pyramids : The Seven Wonders Of The World1206 Words   |  5 Pagesare located twelve miles from the capital of egypt, Cairo. (ancient.eu) They were the tallest man made structures in the world for 3800 years, until the completion of the Lincoln Cathedral in England. Measuring at 230 meters wide and 146 meters tall, the Great Pyramid at Giza took over 100,000 workers and over 20 years to complete. (Ancientegypt.co.uk) Why did the the Egyptians go through years of labor to build th ese enormous structures? The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids as tombs for theirRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1382 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor 1 This paper will examine the Great Pyramid of Giza during the Fourth Dynasty, the period in which it was built. My purpose for this topic is to not only educate myself further in the humanities of Ancient Egypt but to also get a better understanding of how the art relates to the people and their lives, I will do so by examining how and when The Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding pyramids were built, then how the culture of the people at the time influenced the making of the pyramidRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian. Iris Kim. March.9,2017. International890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ancient Egyptian Iris Kim March.9,2017 International Grade 8 Pg.1 ! Introduced Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt occurredRead MoreEssay on Ancient Egyptian economic surplus1017 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Effects of Economic Surplus: Egypt Ancient Egypt is such an interesting and amazing society to study due to the various factors that allowed the city and population to thrive. The culture, quite different to other cultures around the world in ancient times, developed quite unique traditions, technologies and ideas. Small features of this society including aligning the 4 corners of the pyramids and being able to divide the year into 365 days makes it truly fascinating, The main reason that thisRead MoreAncient Egyptian Sports And Sports1606 Words   |  7 PagesSports in Ancient Egypt included Handball, Competitive swimming, Hockey, Weightlifting, Tug of war, Javelin, Jumping, Running, Boxing, Wrestling, Rowing, Equestrian sports, Handball and swimming. Ancient Egyptian sport also included team sports. They required team work in an effort to display skill, strength and sportsmanship. Hockey Ancient Egyptians had a version of field hockey. Hockey sticks were pieces of palm tree branches with the tell-tale bend at the end. The inner core of the ball wasRead MoreEgyptian Lifestyle, Civilization, Religious Beliefs, Authority, Language, And Overall Information About The Pyramids1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn Cairo, Egypt, one of man s oldest engineered and constructed monuments still remains standing to this day. As one of the wonders of the world these ancient pyramids served as the foundation for the people during this civilization. The Great Pyramid of Giza is also known as the Pyramid of Khufu, Pyramid of Cheops, or Khufu s Pyramid. This pyramid alone is the oldest and the tallest of the three standing on the Giza Necropolis. It stands 15 1/2 miles outside the city of Cairo, Egypt. It is believedRead MoreThe Egyptian Hittite Peace Treaty1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe ancient civilization of Egypt was ruled by despotic Pharaohs who were the political and religious dignitar ies of upper and lower Egypt.The kingdom of Ancient Egypt, whose people believed in a pantheon of various gods who governed the world around them,decided that the rule of the Pharaohs was justified through religious beliefs, but unlike the much later Kings and Queens of England, Pharaohs right to rule came not from approval from God, but from being considered gods themselves. Most contractsRead MoreHistory And Theory : Ancient Egyptian Architecture3481 Words   |  14 Pages HUMANITIES LEICESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH1031 HISTORY THEORY 1 ESSAY Ancient Egyptian architecture had a number of well known generic building types (pyramids, mortuary temples and so on). Select one building and discuss is background and architectural characteristics, relating it where necessary to other examples. The Construction, Origin and Prominence of the Great Pyramids up to 4th Dynasty Egypt Harry George Keable P14148274 Session 2014/15 STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITYRead MoreThe Luxor Temple And Saint Peter s Basilica1822 Words   |  8 PagesI. OVERVIEW The two pieces of art that I have chosen to compare are The Luxor Temple located in Luxor, Egypt and Saint Peter’s Basilica located within Vatican City of Rome, Italy. The ancient design has fostered some of its styles and characteristics into future generations, and also upheld the mysteries of phenomenal architecture over the centuries. I believe the Luxor Temple and Saint Peter’s Basilica are good pieces for comparison. The details and the architectural features between both of these

Essay of romans - 991 Words

A History of Celtic Britain: The Romans The Romans were one of the greatest empires that invaded Britain in 55 BC and 54 B.C. After the expansion of its capital Rome, the control spread across the Mediterranean to arrive to Britain and get all the treasure that was there. The treasure was one of the strongest reasons that Julio Cesar had to invade Britain and to obtain new land that the Romans had not conquered before. Finally the invasion did not work because the boats that were sent for the invasion were destroyed by heavy storms. After nearly 100 years under the rule of Claudius the Romans tried to invade Britain again. This time the invasion was successful, established the Roman province called Britannia. After the defeat of the†¦show more content†¦A craftsman would want his tools, a woman, her jewelry and children their toys. On the other hand, the social order of the Romans was very well structured and rigid to be an empire that did not know about laws. Roman society was divided into three classes. The first class was the most important in the empire, the patricians; these people were the ruling class they had all the privileges fiscal and judicial, political and cultural. Next, the commoners; who were the people who didn t enjoyed all the rights and privileges. Both patricians and plebeians were free persons. Finally in the last part of the social order are the slaves, they mostly were not free, were not considered people, they had no rights and could be bought and sold as they were held by their respective masters, who could do whatever they wanted. In ancient Rome there were conflicts between the patricians and plebeians. The plebeians fought against patricians to get equality in rights. In conclusion, the Roman Empire was one of the greatest empires that have begun the founding of Britain. The legacy they left is rich in art, culture, religion and politics. It can be appreciated that this civilization did not leave their bases only legal but also a historical and memorable arts that has lasted centuries after the era of its creation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prZnpxqZXe0 part 1Show MoreRelatedInteraction Between The Roman And Celtic Civilizations1343 Words   |  6 PagesInteraction between the Roman and Celtic civilizations Between 750 BC and 12 BC the Celts were the most powerful people in Northern central Europe. The Celts consisted of a number of tribes that all spoke a similar common language as well as sharing common elements of culture and art but were not a cohesive group like the Romans or Egyptians. The Celts were widely spread through Europe from the British Isles to Galatia more commonly known today as Austria, Switzerland, southern France and SpainRead MoreEssay on Indigenous Religion: Druid Religion672 Words   |  3 PagesDruids are a major division of Indigenous Religion and are located in the British Isles and Scotland. The Druids are most commonly associated with the Indigenous Celtic people of Ireland. Druids are known to have existed as far back as 3rd century B.C.E. (History of Britain: Rise and Fall of the Druids) The Druids passed down rituals and history through stories rather than through written text so a lot is still unknown about how they lived. There are still many people i n today’s culture who actively practiceRead MoreThe Celts And The Celtic World1720 Words   |  7 PagesKnowledge of the Celts and the Celtic world has been acquired and accumulated through a variety of mediums such as archaeological evidence, geographical markings and most importantly, the testimonies left by Greek and Roman writers. Without these writings, developing an image of the nature of the Celts would be extremely difficult. Comparing two authors, Roman emperor, Julius Caesar to Greek writer, Athenaeus, it may reveal some of the prejudices and biased views held against the Celts, but moreRead MoreWhy the Boudica Fought the Romans Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the Boudica Fought the Romans The History of the Celtic People The Iceni were a Celtic tribe which resided in Norfolk and Suffolk in the east of Britain. Boadicea was part of this noble and warlike people, the Keltoi or in Latin, Celtae. The Celts of the first century appear to be farmers, traders and crafts people. Frank Delaney 1989 quotes from Strabo writing in the first century saying â€Å"They wear ornaments of gold, torcs on their necks and bracelets onRead MoreSignificance And Significance Of Mythology1743 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand the importance and meaning of magic in mythology, it is helpful to try to understand why human cultures create myths. Mythology can refer to the collected myths of a group of people—their body of stories which they tell to explain nature, history, and customs—or to the study of such myths. As a collection of such stories, mythology is a vital feature of every culture. Various origins for myths have been proposed, ranging from personification of nature, personification of natural phenomenaRead MoreKeeping Briton’s Religious Origins Alive through Ancient Literature1129 Words   |  5 Pagesconquering of Britain by the Germanic people after merging with the Roman Empire. Celtic Britain connected with Beowulf as strong warriors, defending their own lands and culture from invading â€Å"beasts†. They were much unified in their artistic culture and language, but laid at the edge of the Roman Empire and were thus a very enticing providence for the Romans to conquer. Through establishing authoritative structures within the culture, the Romans were able to subtly influence and control the Celtic cultureRead MoreCeltic Life Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesUpon hearing the term ‘Celtic,’ the first things that come to mind are the awe of their intricately patterned jewelry, lively music, and the flowing tunics they wore. These people are also known for being fierce warriors and for their superstitious, nature-centered religion. Celtic customs are still alive and well in places like Ireland and the western reaches of Britain, but within this essay I shall explore their origins and traditions. To start off, I will address the Tumulus peoples. TheyRead MorePompeii, By Janet Scott Batchler And Lee Batchler929 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by Robert Harris. I chose Pompeii because I heard about the devastating event that took place in the ancient Roman city in various television programs and books. As a result, I wanted to learn more about the event and the daily life of Pompeii before the volcanic eruption occurred. I thought that watching the movie would give me insight about Pompeii and the ancient Roman civilization. In addition, I also chose this film because it features talented actors such as Kit Harington, Adewale Akinnuoye-AgbajeRead MoreThe Celtic And Roman Religions Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesarchaeological remains including altars, little is known about the specific religious beliefs of the Celts. Their burial practices included burying food, weapons, and ornaments with their dead, which suggests a belief in life after death. The druids, the early Celtic pri esthood, were said by Caesar to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls along with astronomy and the nature and power of the gods. Transmigration is a philosophy of reincarnation incorporating the specific belief that after death, theRead More Definition of the English Language Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding the English speaking nations of the world. The history of the English language is of significance because English is spoken more frequently than any other language except Chinese, (1). English is spoken by an estimated 1,500,000,000 people, and that number is ever increasing, (2). English is the chief language of world publishing, science and technology, conferencing, and computer storage (2). The history of English can be traced to the colonization of people from

The Hunters Moonsong Chapter Nine Free Essays

string(94) " and looked up to see a triumphant smile on Damon’s face as he reached to take her arm\." Where r u? Elena texted impatiently. Stefan was supposed to meet her at her dorm room more than twenty minutes ago. Surely his study group was over by now? She was starving. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now She paced around the room, occasional y glancing at the dark tree branches beyond the windows. It wasn’t like Stefan to be late. She checked her phone. It was too soon to try to reach him again. Outside, something dark moved, and she gasped. Then she shook her head. It was just the branches of the trees out there, waving in the breeze. She moved closer, trying to see past the reflections on the glass. Their room was on the third floor; there wouldn’t be anyone sitting that high up. At least not anyone human. Elena shuddered. â€Å"Elena,† said a cool, clear voice from outside. With a squeak that sounded like a frightened rabbit, Elena jerked backward, pressing one hand to her pounding heart. After a moment, she stepped up to the window and threw it open. â€Å"Damon,† she said. â€Å"You scared me to death. What are you doing out there?† There was a flash of white teeth in the shadows. A mocking tone rang through his answer. â€Å"Waiting for you to invite me into your room, of course.† â€Å"You don’t need an invitation,† Elena said. â€Å"You helped me move in.† â€Å"I know,† Damon said, smiling. â€Å"I’m being a gentleman.† Elena hesitated. She trusted Damon, of course she did, but this seemed so intimate. Damon outside in the dark, Elena alone in her bedroom, neither of her roommates around. He’d been in her room at home, but Aunt Judith and Robert had been just down the hal . She wondered if Stefan would mind her being alone here with Damon, but she shook off the thought. He trusted Elena, that was what mattered. â€Å"Elena,† Damon’s voice was soft but insistent. â€Å"Let me in before I fal .† Rol ing her eyes, she said, â€Å"You’d never fal . And if you did, you’d fly. But you can come in anyway.† With a soft whoosh, faster than her eye could fol ow, Damon was suddenly beside her. She had to step back a pace. Eyes and hair as dark as night, pale luminous skin, perfectly cut features. He even smel ed good. His lips looked so soft†¦. Elena caught herself leaning toward him, her own lips parting, and pul ed away. â€Å"Stop it,† she said. â€Å"I’m not doing anything,† Damon said innocently. When Elena arched a skeptical eyebrow at him, he shrugged and shot her a brief, bril iant smile. There, Elena thought. That’s why Stefan might mind Damon being here. â€Å"Oh, al right. I’m only teasing you.† He looked around the room and quirked an eyebrow of his own. â€Å"Why, Elena,† he said, â€Å"I’m almost disappointed. You and your friends are running so true to type here.† Elena fol owed his eyes. Bonnie’s side of the room was a mess, a tumble of stuffed animals, rejected outfits, and Dalcrest paraphernalia. In contrast, Meredith’s area was rigidly tidy, books lined up alphabetical y, a single silver pen on the desk next to her slim silver laptop, her bed neatly draped in a silk duvet in subtly patterned gray and white. Her dresser and closet were closed, but inside, Elena knew, Meredith’s clothes would be organized by type, color, and season. Damon was right: just by looking at their parts of the room, you could tel that Meredith was rational, sophisticated, careful y control ed, and private, while Bonnie was fluffy, fun-loving, and disorganized. What about Elena’s own things? What did they say about her? She looked over her part of the room with a critical eye. Framed art prints from her favorite exhibits, her silver brush and comb lined up on her dresser, deep-blue sheets that she knew set off her eyes and hair. Someone who held on to what she liked and didn’t change easily? Someone who was very aware of what suited her? She wasn’t sure. Damon smiled at her again, without the mocking edge this time. â€Å"Don’t give it a second’s thought, princess,† he said affectionately. â€Å"You’re more than your possessions.† â€Å"Thanks,† Elena said shortly. â€Å"So, did you just drop in my window to say hel o?† He reached out and tucked a stray lock of hair behind her ear. They were standing very close together, and Elena backed away a little. â€Å"I thought maybe, now that you’re a col ege girl, we could go out tonight and have some fun.† â€Å"Fun?† Elena said, stil distracted by his mouth. â€Å"What kind of fun?† â€Å"Oh, you know,† he said, â€Å"just a little dinner, a few drinks. Friend stuff. Nothing too daring.† â€Å"Right,† Elena said firmly. â€Å"It sounds nice. But I can’t tonight. Stefan and I are going out to dinner.† â€Å"Of course,† Damon said. He gave her a firm little nod and what was so obviously supposed to be a supportive smile that she had to stifle a giggle. Supportive, friendly, and unassuming were not natural looks on Damon’s face. He was trying so very hard to be her friend even though they al knew there was more than that between them. Since he had died and come back, he had been trying to change his relationships with Stefan and with her, she knew, to be with them in a way he never had before. It couldn’t be easy on poor Damon, trying to be good. He was out of practice. Elena’s phone chimed. She read the text from Stefan: I’m sorry. The study group’s running late. I think it’ll be at least another hour. Meet later? â€Å"Problem?† Damon was watching her, the same innocent, friendly smile on his face, and affection for him washed over Elena. Damon was her friend. Why shouldn’t she go out with him? â€Å"Change of plans,† she said briskly. â€Å"We’l go out, but just for a little while. I need to be back here to meet Stefan in an hour.† She texted Stefan quickly to let him know she was going to grab some food and looked up to see a triumphant smile on Damon’s face as he reached to take her arm. You read "The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Nine" in category "Essay examples" Bonnie walked across campus, practical y skipping in time to the happy tune in her head. A date with Zander, la la la la la. It was about time, too. She’d been eagerly anticipating seeing Zander again al week, and although they’d talked on the phone, she hadn’t laid eyes on him around campus at al , even though of course she’d been looking. At last she was about to see him. La la la la la. Lovely, gorgeous Zander. She had on jeans and a sort of silvery, draping top that at least made it look like she might have some cleavage. It was a good outfit, she thought, understated enough for just hanging out but also a little bit special. Just in case they decided to go out clubbing or something at the last minute. Zander hadn’t told her what he’d planned, just asked her to meet him outside the science building. La la la la la, she hummed. Bonnie’s footsteps slowed, and the tune in her head died off as she saw flickering lights il uminating a group of people up ahead. They were gathered in the courtyard in front of one of the dorms. Approaching, she realized it was a group of girls holding candles. The wavering light from the candles sent shadows across their serious faces. Propped against the wal of the dorm were three blown-up photos, two girls and a guy. Al across the grass in front of them were heaped flowers, letters, and teddy bears. Hesitant to break the silence, Bonnie touched the arm of one of the girls. â€Å"What’s going on?† she whispered. â€Å"It’s a candlelight vigil for the missing people,† the girl whispered back. Missing people? Bonnie scanned the faces in the photographs. Young, smiling, about her age. â€Å"Are they al students here?† she asked, horrified. â€Å"What happened to them?† â€Å"Nobody knows,† the girl said, her gaze serious. â€Å"They just vanished. You didn’t hear about this?† Bonnie’s stomach dropped. She knew that a girl was attacked – or something – on the quad the first night, but she hadn’t known about any disappearances. No wonder her gut instinct had warned her to be scared walking across campus the other day. She could have been in danger. â€Å"No,† she said slowly. â€Å"I didn’t hear anything.† She dropped her eyes and bowed her head, silent as she sent out a fervent hope that these three happy-looking people would be found, safe and sound. In the distance, a siren began to wail. â€Å"Something’s happened.† â€Å"Do you think someone was attacked?† A babble of frightened voices rose as the sirens got closer. A girl near Bonnie began to sob, a hurt, scared sound. â€Å"Al right, what’s the trouble here?† said a new, authoritative voice, and Bonnie looked up to see two campus police officers shouldering their way through the crowd. â€Å"We †¦ uh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The girl who had spoken to Bonnie gestured at the photos and flowers against the wal . â€Å"We were having a vigil. For the missing people.† â€Å"What are those sirens for?† another girl asked, her voice rising. â€Å"Nothing to worry about,† said the officer, but his face softened as he looked at the sobbing girl. Bonnie realized with a slight shock that he wasn’t much older than she was. â€Å"Miss?† he said to the crying girl. â€Å"We’l help you get home.† His partner looked around at the crowd. â€Å"It’s time to break things up and head inside,† he said sternly. â€Å"Stick together and be careful.† â€Å"I thought you said there was nothing to worry about,† said another girl angrily. â€Å"What aren’t you tel ing us?† â€Å"There’s nothing you don’t know already,† the man said patiently. â€Å"People are missing. You can never be too careful.† If there’s nothing to worry about, why do we have to be careful? Bonnie wondered, but she bit back the words and hurried away down the path, toward the science building where Zander had suggested they meet. The idea of trying to have a vision, to see if she could learn anything about the missing people, nudged at Bonnie’s mind, but she pushed it away. She hated that. She hated the loss of control when she slid into one of her visions. It was unlikely to work, anyway. Her visions had always been about people she knew, about immediate problems facing them. She didn’t know any of the missing people. She bit her lip and walked faster. The excitement about her date had fizzled out, and she didn’t feel safe now. But at least if she got to Zander, she wouldn’t be alone. When she arrived at the science building, though, Zander wasn’t there. Bonnie hesitated and looked around nervously. This corner of campus seemed to be deserted. She tried the door of the science building, but it was locked. Wellof course it was – there weren’t any classes this late. Bonnie shook the handle of the front door in frustration. She reached into her bag, then groaned as she realized she’d left her phone back in her room. Suddenly, she felt very exposed. The campus police had said to stick together, not to wander around alone at night, but here she was, al by herself. A cool breeze ruffled her hair and she shivered. It was getting awful y dark. â€Å"Bonnie. Psst, Bonnie!† Zander’s voice. But where was he? Bonnie saw nothing but the dark quad, streetlights throwing little circles of light on the paths. Above her, leaves rustled in the wind. â€Å"Bonnie! Up here.† Looking up, she final y spotted Zander on the roof, peering down over the side at her, his pale hair almost glowing in the moonlight. â€Å"What’re you doing up there?† she cal ed to him, confused. â€Å"Come on up,† he invited, pointing to the fire-escape ladder on the side of the building. It was lowered to just a couple of feet above the ground. â€Å"Real y?† said Bonnie dubiously. She walked over to the fire escape. She could make it onto the ladder, she was pretty sure, but she was going to look clumsy and awkward scrambling up on it. And what if she got caught? She hadn’t actual y read the campus regulations thoroughly, but wouldn’t climbing the fire escape up to the roof of a closed building be against the rules? â€Å"Come on, Bonnie,† Zander cal ed. His feet clanging loudly against the iron steps, he ran down the fire escape, shimmied down the ladder, and leaped to the ground, landing catlike on his feet beside her. He went down on one knee and held his hands out together. â€Å"I’l boost you up so you’l be able to reach.† Bonnie swal owed, then stepped up onto Zander’s hands and stretched for the ladder. Once she swung her leg up onto the bottom rung, it was a piece of cake, although the slightly rusty metal was rough against her hands. She spared a moment to thank al the powers of the universe that she had decided to wear jeans rather than a skirt tonight. Zander trailed behind her up the fire escape from one landing to another until final y they arrived on the roof. â€Å"Are we al owed to be up here?† Bonnie asked nervously. â€Å"Well,† Zander said slowly, â€Å"probably not. But I come up here al the time, and no one’s ever told me not to.† He smiled that warm, wonderful smile at her and added, â€Å"This is one of my favorite places.† It was a nice view, Bonnie had to admit that. Below them, the campus stretched, leafy and green and mysterious. If anyone else had brought her up here, though, she would have complained about the rusty fire escape and the concrete roof, suggested that maybe a date should involve going somewhere. This was a date, wasn’t it? She froze momentarily in a panic, trying to recal exactly what Zander had said when he suggested meeting here. She didn’t remember the words themselves, but they definitely had a date-y feel to them: she wasn’t a kid anymore, she knew when she was being asked out. And Zander was so cute, it was worth making an effort. â€Å"It’s pretty up here,† she said lamely and then, looking around at the flat dirty concrete, â€Å"I mean being so high up.† â€Å"We’re closer to the stars,† Zander said, and took her hand. â€Å"Come on over here.† His hand was warm and strong, and Bonnie held on to it tightly. He was right, the stars were beautiful. It was cool to be able to see them more clearly, here above the trees. He led her over to the corner of the roof, where a ratty old army blanket was spread out with a pizza box and some cans of soda. â€Å"Al the comforts of home,† he said. Then, quietly, â€Å"I know this isn’t a very fancy date, Bonnie, but I wanted to share this with you. I thought you would appreciate what’s special about being up here.† â€Å"I absolutely do,† Bonnie said, flattered. A secret little cheer went up inside her: Hurray! Zander definitely knows we’re on a date! Pretty soon Bonnie found herself tucked up against Zander’s side, his arm around her shoulders, eating hot, greasily delicious pizza and looking at the stars. â€Å"I come up here alone a lot,† Zander told her. â€Å"One time last year I just lay here and watched a big fat ful moon get swal owed up by the earth’s shadow in an eclipse. It was nearly pitch black without the light of the ful moon, but I could stil see its dark red shape in the sky.† â€Å"The Vikings thought eclipses were caused by two wolves, one who wanted to eat the sun, and one who wanted to eat the moon,† Bonnie said idly. â€Å"I forget which one wanted to eat the moon, but whenever either a solar or a lunar eclipse happened, people were supposed to make a lot of noise to scare the wolf away.† Zander looked down at her. â€Å"That’s a random piece of information to know.† But he smiled as he said it. Bonnie wriggled with delight under the sheer force of his smile. â€Å"I’m interested in mythology,† she said. â€Å"Druid and Celtic, mostly, but myths and stories in general. The Druids were into the moon, too: they had a whole astrology based on the lunar calendar.† She sat up straighter, enjoying the admiring look on Zander’s face. â€Å"Like, right now, from late August to late September, we’re in the month of the Artist Moon. But in a couple of weeks, we’l be in the month of the Dying Moon.† â€Å"What does that mean?† Zander asked. He was very close to her, gazing straight into her eyes. â€Å"Well, it means it’s a time of endings,† Bonnie said. â€Å"It’s al about dying and sleep. The Druid year begins again after Hal oween.† â€Å"Hmm.† Zander was stil watching her intently. â€Å"How do you know so much, Bonnie McCul ough?† A little smile played around his mouth. â€Å"Um, my ancestors were Druids and Celtics,† Bonnie said, feeling stupid. â€Å"My grandmother told me we were descended from Druid priestesses, and that’s why I see things sometimes. My grandmother does, too.† â€Å"Interesting,† Zander said softly. His tone grew lighter. â€Å"So you see things, do you?† â€Å"I real y do,† Bonnie said, seriously, staring back at him. She hadn’t meant to tel him that. She didn’t want to weird him out, not on their first date, but she also didn’t want to lie to him. So blue. Zander’s eyes were as deep as the sea, and she was fal ing farther and farther into them. There was nothing above her, nothing below, she was ceaselessly, gently fal ing. With a wrench, Bonnie pul ed her eyes away from Zander’s. â€Å"Sorry,† she said, shaking her head. â€Å"That was weird. I think I almost fel asleep for a minute.† â€Å"Don’t worry about it,† Zander said, but his face looked stiff and strange. Then he flashed that warm, enchanting smile again and got to his feet. â€Å"Come on, I want to show you something.† Bonnie stood slowly. She felt a little strange stil , and she pressed her hand briefly against her forehead. â€Å"Over here,† Zander said, tugging her by the other hand. He led her to the corner of the roof and stepped up onto the narrow ledge running around it. â€Å"Zander,† Bonnie said, horrified. â€Å"Come down! You might fal !† â€Å"We won’t fal ,† Zander said, smiling down at her. â€Å"Climb on up.† â€Å"Are you crazy?† Bonnie said. She’d never liked heights much. She remembered crossing a high, high bridge once with Damon and Elena. They’d had to if they were going to save Stefan, but she never would have been able to do it, except Damon had used his Power and convinced her she was an acrobat, a tightrope walker to whom heights were nothing. When he’d released her from his Power, after they crossed the bridge, her retroactive fear had been nauseating. Stil , she’d made it across that bridge, hadn’t she? And she had promised herself she would be more confident, stronger, now that she was in col ege. She looked up at Zander, who was smiling at her, sweetly, eagerly, his hand extended. She took it and let him help her climb onto the ledge. â€Å"Oh,† she said, once she was up there. The ground swam dizzyingly far below her, and she yanked her eyes away from it. â€Å"Oh. No, this is not a good idea.† â€Å"Trust me,† Zander said, and took her other hand so that he was holding on to her securely. â€Å"I won’t let you fal .† Bonnie looked into his blue, blue eyes again and felt comforted. There was something so candid and straightforward in his gaze. â€Å"What should I do?† she asked, and was proud when her voice was steady. â€Å"Close your eyes,† Zander said, and when she’d done that, â€Å"and pick your right foot up off the ledge.† â€Å"What?† Bonnie asked, and almost opened her eyes again. â€Å"Trust me,† Zander said again, and this time there was a rich undercurrent of laughter in his voice. Hesitantly, Bonnie lifted her foot. Just then, the wind picked up, and Bonnie felt like it was about to scoop her off the ledge and throw her into the sky like a kite whose string had snapped. She tightened her grip on Zander’s hands. â€Å"It’s al right,† he said soothingly. â€Å"It’s amazing, Bonnie, I promise. Just let yourself be. Life isn’t worth living if you don’t take risks.† Inhaling deeply and then letting the breath out, Bonnie forced herself to relax. The wind was blowing her curls everywhere, whistling in her ears, tugging at her clothes and her raised leg. As she relaxed into it, she felt almost as if she was being lifted, gently, into the sky, the air al around supporting her. It was like flying. Bonnie realized she was laughing with sheer delight and opened her eyes, gazing straight into Zander’s. He was laughing, too, and holding on to her tightly, anchoring her to the earth as she almost flew. She had never been so conscious of the blood thrumming through her veins, of each nerve catching the sensations of the air around her. She had never felt so alive. How to cite The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Nine, Essay examples

John Q movie analysis free essay sample

John Q. Archibald was a factory worker facing financial hardship. When his son, Michael is struck during a baseball game, John and his wife, Denise, discover that their son is in need of a heart transplant. Although they have health insurance, hospital head, Rebecca Payne tells them that their policy doesnt cover such an expensive operation. John convinces the hospitals cardiac surgeon, Dr. Raymond Turner, to overlook his fee, but still has too much of a financial burden to bear. When he is left with no choice but to take his son home to die, John holds the staff and patients of the hospital hostage at gunpoint, demanding that his son be put on the list to be given the first available heart. Hostage negotiator Frank Grimes and chief of police Gus Monroe try to resolve the problem using mainly dialogue. John Q is successful in saving Michael’s life but ends up serving jail time nonetheless. We will write a custom essay sample on John Q movie analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Persuasion is a concept evident in both scenes, and it has to do with one party causing another party to do something that it wants through reasoning or argument. Persuasion can be used to balance power in a negotiation. The hardball tactics of aggression and intimidation are evident in both scenes as well. Aggression is the relentless push for more concessions, while intimidation is the attempt to force the other party to agree by means of emotional play. There is also evidence of power play in the scenes, namely legitimate power and coercive power. Legitimate power is derived from ones position and Coercive power derived from the ability to punish others. (Lewicki, 2004) The first negotiation scene was a telephone conversation between Frank and John. Frank introduced himself and asked john for some time and to let some of the hostages go, because in his own words, â€Å"I do for you, you do for me; show some good faith. † Frank tried to reason with him, but John remarked that he would only let some of the hostages go if his son was put on the heart transplant list. Franks persuasion worked when john agreed to let some of the hostages go on condition that frank had an hour to get Mike on the list before john started killing hostages. John used aggressive behavior and intimidation when he gave frank an ultimatum. He said in a raised voice that if Mike was not on the list in an hour after the first hostages had been released; one of the remaining hostages would die. John Q also exuded power in the negotiation; specifically coercive power because he had the ability to inflict harm on frank’s reputation as a hostage negotiator by harming the hostages. This power contributed to frank’s concessions; his agreement to work faster on putting Mike on the list. This scene qualifies as a negotiation situation because it involves two parties, each with individual goals; Frank wanted to save the hostages while John wanted his son’s name on the heart transplant list. There is a conflict of interest between the parties. There is also the fact that it involves the management of tangibles, in this case the lives of the hostages and the life of Mike, and intangibles, which is the terms of agreement or the deals and promises made between John and frank in the scene. There was also a level of interdependence between John Q and Frank in the sense that Frank could only save the hostages if John let them go and John could save Mike only if Frank was successful in getting Rebecca to put him on the heart transplant list. The second negotiation scene was between Frank and Police chief Gus Monroe. Gus was about to send in a sniper into the building to take down John Q and Frank tried to persuade him to call off the strike; that this was not a good idea because John Q could be reasoned with. Frank tried his best to explain to Gus that Johns wife Denise could talk him down. Gus however was determined to carry out the sniper strike and used aggressive behavior and intimidation to deter frank from interfering with the operation. Gus made reference to his own experience as a cop and used his power as chief of police to relieve Frank of duty. This power was legitimate power because of Gus’ position as head of Chicago police. The scene chosen qualifies as negotiation situation because two parties are involved; Frank and Gus, each with individual goals and there is a conflict of interest between them. There is also the fact that it involves the management of tangibles and intangibles. In this case the tangible aspect was the execution of the sniper strike. Interdependence between Frank and Gus also qualifies the scene as a negotiation situation. Franks job as a police officer was under Gus’ authority but Gus also depended on franks discretion in distracting John Q with a phone call from Denise to successfully carry out the sniper attack. Bibliography

Critical Analysis Essay Analysis Essay Example

Critical Analysis Essay Analysis Paper In the essay â€Å"Condoms: the New Diploma† . by Rush Limbaugh published in his book The Way Things Ought To Be in 1992. Limbaugh negotiations about how distribution of rubbers in schools can take to teenage promiscuousness and encourages sexual activity at an early age. Limbaugh’s usage of Reductio ad absurdum counter attacks the opposition’s statement on rubber distribution and is effectual since it is difficult to assail the resistance. Limbaugh efforts to rebut his resistance with a decrease ad absurdum statement. He uses rhetoric illustration intended to show his belief that condoms distributes and promotes sexual activity. He provides his definition of gender and sex functions. He claims that sex has effects by utilizing â€Å"Magic Johnson† as a specific illustration and implies that some people will non state this. Critical Essay Sample He claims that his resistance opposes learning abstention by utilizing illustrations from the City Board of Education in New York and Jacksonville. Florida. He besides claims that there is a civilization war on rubber distribution and that it is a portion of the current state of affairs. Limbaugh provides statistics and analogy intended to demo that rubbers are non effectual by puting a comparing between rubbers and aeroplanes. He wraps up this essay by utilizing another decrease ad absurdum on sex instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis Essay Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis Essay Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis Essay Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Condoms a New Diploma Critical Analysis Essay Condoms a New Diploma Critical Analysis Essay Condoms a New Diploma Critical Analysis Essay The Authors intent is to convert the reader that condom distribution in schools can take to undertaking Sexually Transmitted Disease or STD’s and promote promiscuousness. He wants the reader to understand that distribution of free rubbers in public schools is pathetic and misguided. Limbaugh uses reductio ad absurdum by stating that childs are traveling to hold sex and that we can non halt them. He besides uses other illustrations such as childs are traveling to smoke and why non supply them with coffin nails and many more illustrations from guns and safe sex centres. Here Limbaugh utilizations this rhetorical tool to turn out to the reader that by supplying a free rubber to the adolescent can take them to making other things that may harm them since they can non be stopped. He continues on by traveling past giving off free rubbers and put ining Safe sex centres. Limbaugh proves a point that by saying that by giving off rubbers they compromise their criterions doing his point hard to reason against hence his tool of utilizing reductio ad absurdum proves to be effectual to the statement. Limbaugh uses another specific illustration such as Magic Johnson. a hoops jock for the Los Angeles Lakers. He uses an grownup famous person to turn out a point that the same bets are involved as an grownup who aren’t cognizant to the dangers of holding condom-protected sex. Still utilizing the same tool of reductio ad absurdum. Limbaugh identifies that there are many people out at that place that will hold sex with others that may hold contracted AIDS with or without utilizing a rubber and that many people believe that rubbers can assist them forestall from distributing STDs. This tool is proven to be effectual since it is difficult to reason that grownup human existences will hold sex with or without the cognition that their spouse has aids as to adolescents holding sex with or without the cognition of a rubber. Limbaugh utilizations statistics to turn out that rubber failure rate can be every bit high as 20 per centum and compares it to the safety of an aeroplane. The statistic used for the rubber proves to be wrong since the failure rate of a rubber is really low runing from 2 to 4 per centum if used right. The comparing used between the lives of riders in a plane to the failure of a rubber used by any being is far away since rubbers sold as a merchandise are proven to cut down the opportunities of gestations and sometimes STDs. This tool is uneffective since the statistics of the rubber failure is questionable and the analogy of an aeroplane since merchandises are made to be safe and would be discontinued if it has failed its criterions. Limbaugh creates an violative character throughout the essay as he uses illustrations such as Magic Johnson or Johnnie and Susie as a manner to tease the resistance by rebuting the statement many times throughout the essay. Since we can non assail a decrease ad absurdum by indicating out its pathetic nature it proves a point within itself and as Limbaugh speaks about how condom distribution can compromise our criterions. he proves a point that the resistance is willing to accept that adolescents will hold sex no affair what and it is non assisting in the bar of STDs. Limbaugh’s character of being the violative and teasing the resistance proves to be effectual since giving a adolescent a rubber can promote them to hold sex. In decision. Limbaugh’s usage of Reductio ad absurdum and the many tools to forestall schools from administering rubbers can take to promiscuousness. His usage of this tool is effectual as he claims that condom distribution in schools can compromise criterions and have it lead from holding sex to smoke and the usage of guns. It can besides take them to contraction STD’s since rubbers can non assist in the bar of STD’s and AIDS. The overall character can turn out to be violative to a reader or his resistance but proves a point since his effort to rebut the resistance can turn out to be hard to reason against. Limbaugh’s schemes are non meant to frighten the reader but to reason against the resistance.

Roadhog essays

Roadhog essays According to the SUV info link website, Roadhog is any of several vehicle type exhibiting excessive size, creating dangerous highway condition, and emitting increased pollution, also formally known as SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) These are the enormous looking vehicles that I constantly have to seek refuge form while I am driving on the road. For some reason, all the SUV drivers seems to have this urge to run over small cars such as my modest Corolla. Surprisingly enough, the number of these people is rapidly growing. From the downtowns to the winding highways, people are having a love afire with these monsters. Last year Americans purchased a record number of 3.36 million of them, most of which were domestic made. This year foreign made such as BMW and Honda Acura are reporting record number of sale. This is a concerning matter when SUV proven to be most inadequate vehicle for the consumer. The purpose of this paper is to establish the fact that SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles) are the most inadequate vehicle for the consumer. The three reasons that support this argument are, first the safety concern, second its damage to the environment and third its excessive cost. The cleaver marketing and overstated advertisement has made an impression that SUVs are the safest vehicle on this planet. There is increasing evidence that SUVs are not as safe as they appear. Recent studies show that SUVs pose a significant threat to drivers and passengers of other cars on the road. In addition, there are indications that safety problems threaten passengers and drivers of SUVs themselves. The propensity of sport utility vehicles to roll over is a major safety concern. Sport utility vehicles are more than three times more likely to roll over in crash than normal passenger cars. SUVs are built on the base of the pick truck platform. This meant that a taller and heavier body would be riding on a frame designed for a pick-up truck. The result is ...

Research paper about technological developments and adolescents Essay

Research paper about technological developments and adolescents gambling - Essay Example In United States and other parts, gambling is on the rise due to activities of gambling and increased acceptability of the routine. This has been due to the promotion of the available government lotteries, media exposure of poker tournaments, and accessibility of internet gambling. This is a significant change from what was there in the past years. However, problems exist in analyzing gambling in adolescents. Even after this weakness, it is necessary to consider gambling behavior in this growth phase due to the prevalence of risk taking behavior in this cohort. This will help in analyzing the extent to which the young gamble, influence of gambling on development, and other social aspects. Additionally, this will help with prevention and intervention strategies at a certain amount of gambling in adolescents. According to Wilber and Potenza (1), gambling is placing something of value at risk anticipating that one will gain something worthy. In adolescents, mostly gambling involves thin gs as flipping cards that eventually translates into problematic areas like sneaking to gamble in casinos. Recent studies have indicated that there are increased rates of gambling by the adolescents (Wilber and Potenza 1). In fact, a review conducted in United States and Canada indicates both a high level of adolescent is involved in gambling activities and increased rate of participation in the last one decade. For example in the united states between 1989 and 2002, the rate of gambling had increased to 65 % as compared to the past when it was hardly at 45% (DF, 24). In Canada, the rate of underage gambling is on the rise. There are key areas that adolescents engage in gambling. The critical areas include government promoted lottery, cards, dice, board games, sports betting, and games requiring skills. However, the actual rate of gambling depends on regions. Factors that affect the rate of participation include accessibility of gambling opportunities like the internet, types of gam bling available to adolescents and the general population (Wilber and Potenza 1). However, in comparisons to adults, adolescent’s gamblers agree to gamble with less money and less often as adults. This is primarily due to money constrains and lack of gambling opportunities. Moreover, they are most likely to engage in strategic gambling such as card games instead of nonstrategic gambling such as use machines (Wilber and Potenza 1). This is probably due to the diminished legal access to casinos and lotteries. Age sometimes limits adolescent’s participation, but it is less likely to eliminate the behavior. There exist challenges in studying gambling behaviors among the youths. This is because the study involves modification of the problem gambling criteria used to describe the behaviors in adults. The definition of problems in adolescents is likely to involve consideration of differences in the adolescent’s roles and responsibilities. However, the rate of adolescen ts gambling is yet to be established in concrete ways due to lack of consensus around definitions of adolescents involvements. The gambling problems include behavior that interfere with individual and have a negative outcome on their life (Wilber and Potenza 1). Statistics shows that the rate of gambling is high in males as compared to females and the gambling proble

Chapter 13 Factual Review Questions # 1, 3, 5, and 9 Assignment

Chapter 13 Factual Review Questions # 1, 3, 5, and 9 - Assignment Example The company, at large suffers from this and so does the worker. This situation is not beneficial for the company. People start Internal Politics for their personal gain. The motive can be promotion, ego, insecurity, ambition, power or even acceptance. The need to be promoted is always the prime reason for creating the internal politics. For example: there is an opening for a new managerial position and there are two candidates. Now, Candidate A is well known to be the optimum manager and Candidate B knows it. So he will start spreading rumors about the A candidate and it will reach the ears of the boss. In contrast, candidate A will spread some rumors about candidate B and makes sure that it reaches the ears of the Boss. In short both of these candidates will try to uproot the other to get the best job. They cannot be loyal to the organization as well because they will prefer their personal interest always. It can be risky for the growth of organization. The total quality is always affected by the internal politics. First of all, the productivity of the company is strongly decreased. The employees spend more time on politics than on their own work. The morale of the employees is always down. The backbiting, rumors and buck passing are the biggest hurdles in the success of companies. The competitive energy of the company is low. There are always many conflicts among different groups of people and this makes the situation very difficult. The loss of total quality will mean that the customer satisfaction level will be lower than usual and the company will bear several heavy losses. And the company will also lose it’s focus from the important factors that really matter. Internal Politics is bad but this does mean that it cannot be used for the benefit of the company. If a company sits idle for too long then it will soon die. A good company will always encourage conflict

Majority Activity 3-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Majority Activity 3-2 - Essay Example Commercials differentiate trucks and action figures for boys between dolls and fairy princesses for girls. The media must work toward gender equality. Male characters still dominate children’s television with few strong female influences. Television cartoons like Sesame Street have added strong female characters like Maria (Human), Rosita (Muppet), and Zoà « (Muppet) to the program. These women display feminist qualities – Maria works, Rosita teaches Spanish to the children with pride in her Mexican heritage, and Zoà « portrays that girls and boys can be best friends without romantic ideas by being best friends with Elmo; however, boys are still the main stars of the show with girls making appearances only on occasion. Dora the Explore is a little girl, without a super thin waist, that helps her friends when they need help. Hurray! Finally, a strong female character; however, this cartoon is outnumbered by the many cartoons with female characters secondary to stronger male counterparts. Jimmy Neutron has Cindy Vortex, a blond girl just as smart a Jimmy but always second best. SpongeBob has Sandy, a strong female sq uirrel from Texas that only appears on the show occasionally as SpongeBob’s rowdy friend. Winnie the Pooh has Kanga, the mother of Roo who is always doing laundry and other chores while the others are having adventures. Television executives must create more programs with strong females as the main character and male characters the co-stars – like Dora the Explorer. Commercials differentiate trucks and action figures for boys between dolls and fairy princesses for girls. In commercials, boys play with trucks and action figures, while girls are picture playing with dolls, castles, kitchens, toy vacuums, and more. Girls notice the medias subtle messages defeating the caregiver that bought trucks as well as dolls for little girls to break down the walls of gender inequality. Eventually, girls start asking for â€Å"girls

Interaction Between Two Anionic Dyes and Cationic Surfactant

Interaction Between Two Anionic Dyes and Cationic Surfactant The interaction of the triphenylmethane dye xylenol orange with cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride was studied by absorption spectrophotometry and principal component analysis of infrared spectra by A. Gojmerac IvÃ… ¡ic ´ et al. [24]. Upon the addition of surfactants the yellow color of the acidic xylenol orange solution changed to purple-red. Changes in the absorption spectra of the mixture indicate strong interactions between dye and surfactants. These interactions were also monitored using ATR spectroscopy and the most prominent changes were observed in the vibration of the carbonyl group. The comparison of principal component loadings obtained from spectral data matrices for xylenol orange and mixtures of xylenol orange with surfactants revealed differences in infrared spectra caused only by the interaction of the surfactants with the dye. The interactions of Acid Green 25 (AG), an anionic dye, with two cationic surfactants tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solutions far below the CMC are studied at different temperatures using the conductometric method by H. Dezhampanah et. al. [25]. Various thermodynamic functions and equilibrium constants for the process of dye-surfactant ion pair formation were calculated using the conductometric data. There results indicate that the longer hydrophobic chain surfactants had a greater tendency and higher equilibrium constant as compared to shorter hydrophobic chain surfactants and short range, non-electrostatic interactions along with long range electrostatic forces have a significant influence on dye surfactant ion pair formation. Interaction of a food dye, tartrazine, with some cationic conventional and gemini surfactants, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), N,N-ditetradecyl-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-N,N-butanediyl-diammonium dibromide (14,4,14), and N,N-didodecyl-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-N,N- butanediyl-diammonium dibromide (12,4,12), were first investigated comprehensively by A. Asadzadeh Shahir et al. [26], employing conductometry, tensiometry, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Tartrazine was found to behave in the same manner as aromatic counterions. The formation of ion pairs reflected as a considerable increase of the surfactant efficiency in tensiometry plots and their stoichiometry were determined by Job’s method of continuous variations. For the tartrazine/TTAB system, nonionic DS3, ionic DS2-, and/or DS2 ion pairs, their small premicelles, and tartrazine rich micelles were constituted as well as dye-containing TTAB-rich micelles. Insoluble J-aggregates of DS ion pairs and cylindrical surfactant-rich micelles were also formed in tartrazine/gemini surfactant systems and recognized by transmission electron microscopy. The zeta potential and the size of the aggregates were determined using dynamic light scattering and confirmed the suggested models for the processes happening in each system. Cyclic voltammetry was applied successfully to track all of these species using tartrazine’s own reduction peak current for the first time. Reza Hosseinzadeh et al. [27] investigated the solubilization and interaction of azo-dye light yellow (X6G) at/with cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) spectrophotometricaly. The effect of cationic micelles on solubilization of anionic azo dye in aqueous micellar solutions of cationic surfactants was studied at pH 7 and 25 à ¢- ¦C. The binding of dye to micelles implied a bathochromic shift in dye absorption spectra that indicates dye–surfactant interaction. The results showed that the solubility of dye increased with increasing surfactant concentration, as a consequence of the association between the dye and the micelles. The binding constants, Kb, were obtained from experimental absorption spectra. By using pseudo-phase model, the partition coefficients between the bulk water and surfactant micelles, Kx, were calculated. Gibbs energies of binding and distribution of dye between the bulk water and surfactant micelle s were estimated. The results show favorable solubilization of dye in CTAB micelles. The aggregation induced by Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) in the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was investigated by measuring their UV–visible absorption spectra by M. F. Nazar et al. [28]. Conductance measurements as a function of surfactant concentration below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were studied. CTAB aggregation takes place at the concentration far below its normal CMC in the presence of AYR. Both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions affect the aggregation process in aqueous solution. Different parameters obtained from spectroscopic measurements and conductance data indicate an enhanced solubility of AYR dye in the micellar region. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the dye molecule effectively reduces intermolecular attraction, thereby increasing solubility in non-polar solvents (micelles). Medium effects on the position of the long wavelength absorption band of the azo dye characterize it as a pH chromic reporter molecule. A partitioning study of the solubilized system provides useful insight into the process of solubilization that is applicable to the general problem of membrane solubilization properties and in drug delivery to quantify the degree of drug-micelle interaction. The partition coefficient value obtained is important in micellar electro–kinetic capillary chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for drug quality control. Thus, interaction with micellar aggregates induces significant pKa shifts of Alizarin Yellow R that can be rationalized in terms of the partitioning of species and electrostatic contribution. Likewise, knowledge of the effects of organic additives on the CMC of surfactants is used both for theoretical and practical purposes because some additives are likely to be present as impurities or byproducts in the manufacturing of surfactants and their presence may cause significant differences in supposedly similar commercial surfactants. Eosin B and eosin Y have been used to estimate micro- and submicrogram quantities of proteins respectively. A.A. Waheed et al. [29] describe the mechanism of eosin binding to proteins. At pH lower than 3.0 the absorbance of unbound dye is greatly reduced. After the dye binds to protein, the absorption maximum of the dye changes from 514 to 530  ± 5 nm. The absorbance and bathochromatic shift in absorption maximum of the protein–dye complex are proportional to the concentration of protein. The pH of the assay solution does not change due to protein. Arginine, histidine, and lysine (at both acidic and neutral pH) and tryptophan (at acidic pH) residues of a protein bind electrostatically to carboxylic and phenolic groups of the dye to produce a stable water-soluble protein–dye complex. The binding constants of eosin B with poly-L-arginine, poly-L-histidine, poly-L-lysine, and poly-L-tryptophan at pH 1.96 are 0.37, 0.32, 0.33 and 0.33 nmol/nmol of amino acid, respectively . The binding constants of eosin B and eosin Y with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 1.96 are essentially the same, i.e., 0.82 nmol/nmol of reactive amino acid of BSA. The binding constant varies with solution pH so that a wide range of protein concentrations can be estimated. The reason for the higher absorbance of protein–eosin Y complex compared to that of protein–eosin B complex is discussed. Javadian et al. [30] studied the interaction of Congo Red (CR) with a series of Alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CnTAB), N-hexadecyl pyridinium bromide (CPB) and N-hexadecyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) using conductometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy technique. Job’s method of continuous variations demonstrated that only DS complexes are formed in the studied mixtures. The formation of DS complexes results in decreasing the systems order so it is an enthalpy-driven reaction under the influence of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The amount of ion pairs forming through the process is highly dependent on physical conditions and structure of the dyes and the surfactants such as chain length, head group and counterion. By increasing the length in the hydrophobic chain or the charge density of headgroup of a cationic surfactant, the strength of dye-surfactant interaction increases. In addition, the results show that the counter ion has no significant effect on dye-surfact ant interaction. The tendency to form DS complexes decreases with increasing temperature in the range of 298.0-313.0 K. K. Fujio et al. [31] examined the effect of added salt on micelle size, shape, and structure the solubilization of Orange OT in aqueous NaBr solutions of decylpyridinium bromide (DePB), dodecylpyridinium bromide (DPB), tetradecylpyridinium bromide (TPB), and hexadecylpyridinium bromide (CPB). The solubilization powers of DePB and DPB micelles increase with increasing NaBr concentration up to 2.86 and 3.07 mol dm–3, respectively, but above these concentrations remain unaltered. This suggests that spherical micelles of DePB and DPB can have a maximum and constant size at NaBr concentrations higher than these threshold concentrations. On the other hand, the solubilization powers of TPB and CPB micelles increase in the whole range of NaBr concentration studied. The dependencies of the solubilization powers of their micelles on the counterion concentration change at 0.10 and 0.03 mol dm–3 NaBr, respectively, as suggests that TPB and CPB micelles undergo the sphere–rod transition at those concentrations. Orange OT is a more suitable probe for detecting the presence of the maximum- and constant-size spherical micelle than Sudan Red B. The interactions between two anionic dyes and a cationic surfactant were studied by conductometric technique by A. A. Rafati et al. [32]. The conductance of aqueous solutions of methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR) was measured in the presence of a cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) at different temperatures in water–ethanol, water–propanol and water–butanol mixed solvents, containing different concentration of alcohols. The equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic functions for the process of dye–surfactant ion pair formation were calculated on the basis of a theoretical model. The results showed that the presence of alcohol, as well as increasing the length of the alcohol chain, decreases the tendency for ion pair formation. The results have shown that an increase in temperature lowers the tendency for ion pair formation as the equilibrium constants decrease with increasing temperature. According to the results, long range as well as short range interactions are responsible for the formation of the ion pair. The importance of long range electrical forces is basically to bring the dye anion and the surfactant cation close enough to enable the action of short range interactions whose contribution represents the major part of the standard free energy change for the formation of the anionic dye–cationic surfactant ion pair. By using the association constant (K1) for the first step of the association [D+S+→(DS) °], the standard free energy change, standard enthalpy change, and standard entropy change of the association were calculated at low surfactant concentrations.

Eduard Munch :: essays research papers

Eduard Munch (1863-1944) was a Norwegian painter, engraver, and printer. He is often reputed to have been a loner and a misogynist. Many of his works revolve around a motif concerning women and their obscene vulgarity. The two works that will be described here are Vampire (1893) and Jealousy (1896). These two depict women as creatures of temptation, petty provokers of pain, and selfish enslavers of vulnerable men. To just marginally understand Munch’s hatred of women, one must read upon his tragic past. Tuberculosis killed his mother when he was only five years old; it killed his sister, Sophie (whom Munch felt closest to), nine years later. In addition to these tragic events were his unsuccessful love affairs which all together bludgeoned his faith in women. In Vampire, Munch displays a scene in which a woman seems to be embracing a man. She appears to be kissing him on the neck, but the title of the work diminishes that meaning. Although Munch intended the action of the work as just a kiss, he later changed the name to â€Å"Vampire,† possibly to capitalize on the 19th century literary obsession with vampires. The intense switch in meaning plays on the mind of the viewer very curiously. It turns from compassion for the two lovers to sympathy and sorrow for the victimized man. The woman’s red hair becomes almost demonic and the background’s darkness transforms from a sorrow-filled unity between the two figures to a desolate ambiance of confusion. The dark green in the background is tranquil, but the viewer’s knowledge of the situation happening to the vulnerable man leaves the viewer in a state of ambiguity. A peaceful image is portrayed, but the woman is literally sucking the life out of the man. The red hair can be seen as a rainfall of blood emasculating the victim. The man has been deceived into finding love where there is unhappiness. He has found the tortures of being in love. The distorted and tangled strokes in the wh ole work represent the man’s faith in love being distorted and tangled. The strokes can also portray the woman’s deception, which is so fabricated by her â€Å"loving† embrace. Jealousy also carries the tormented-man motif. In this scene, a woman is chatting with and exposing her body to a man as her husband stands by, swallowing his painful jealousy. The husband’s face is close-up and facing the viewer, demonstrating his quiet enragement.

Isotoner Case Brief Essay

Facts of the Case: LaNisa Allen appealed the original judgment in favor of Totes/Isotoner Corporation on the issue of whether the Ohio Fair Employment Practices Act, as amended by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, prohibits an employer from discriminating against a female employee because of or on the basis of lactation. Relevant law associated includes whether Allen established a prima facie case of â€Å"sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy,† or whether she â€Å"was simply and plainly terminated as an employee at will for taking an unauthorized, extra break.† Allen’s original complaint was termination attributable to discrimination, based on pregnancy and related conditions, even though Isotoner claimed to have released her for failure to â€Å"follow directions.† Evidence admitted in Allen’s disposition of taking unauthorized breaks for a two week period, which constituted the failure to follow directions, confirmed the trial courts summary judgment. As the trial court granted judgment to Isotoner, the Twelfth District Court of Appeals followed suit, as Allen admitted to ignoring directions and failed to establish a prima facie case of sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy and it’s after effects. Issues: Although the lower courts concentrated upon the apparent facts of the case, especially â€Å"Whether Allen’s unauthorized breaks to pump her breast in order to avoid lactation constituted as sex discrimination†; a more superior issue arises from this case. Assuming a proper prima facie case was established, â€Å"Is purported discrimination due to lactation included within the range of Ohio’s employment-discrimination statute, R.C. 4112.02, as sex discrimination under R.C. 4112.01(B)?† Decision s: Ruling of the initial appeal of judgment in favor of Totes/Isotoner Corporation for discrimination Allen was affirmed. Subsequently, the Supreme Court of Ohio did not touch the issue of whether purported discrimination due to lactation is included within the range of Ohio’s employment-discrimination statute, R.C. 4112.02, as sex discrimination under R.C. 4112.01(B). An opinion of whether they thought this discrimination did fall in that range was included in Judge O’Connor’s judgment. Reasoning: Rationale leading the judges in a majority opinion to affirm the initial judgment, stemmed from the failure of Allen to develop a record from which a jury could find in her favor. However, several  of the judges felt â€Å"lactation is a physical condition associated with pregnancy and childbirth, hence the FEPA, as amended by the Ohio PDA, prohibits discrimination against females because they are lactating.† It is proposed that the Supreme Court of Ohio should reach the merits to clarify the laws. Separate Opinions: Judgment was affirmed by Judges Lundberg Stratton, O’Donnell, and Cupp, JJ. , as they believed Allen was discharged for taking unauthorized breaks from her scheduled employment. Since Allen failed to present evidence of a discriminatory motive from Isotoner, or that reason for releasing her from employment was a ground for discrimination, Lundberg Stratton, O’Donnell, and Cupp, JJ. felt only the issues presented by the facts of Isotoner discharging Allen due to ‘unauthorized breaks’ should be decided on, while issues of the facts not directly placed on issue should only be responded to with advisory opinion. Judges Moyer, C.J. and O’Connor J. concurred in the foregoing judgment only. They assert lactation to fall within the scope of R.C. 4122.01(B) and that the statute prohibits employment discrimination against lactating women. Also, they oppose the claim of opinions regarding issues not directly placed on issue to be strictly advisory. â€Å"A cause will become moot only when it becomes impossible for a [***627] tribunal to grant meaningful relief, even if it were to rule in favor of the party seeking relief.† Moyer, C.J, and O’Connor J. claim these indirect issues to be live, not as remote possibilities or based on controversies that may never occur. Their assertion that â€Å"lactation is a physical condition associated with pregnancy and childbirth, hence the FEPA, as amended by the Ohio PDA, prohibits discrimination against females because they are lactating† is fully discussed. Dissent is issued by Judge Peifer, J. as he declares the question needed answered by Ohioans was not resolute. Peifer, J. claimed â€Å"the court should analyze the case by asking (1) whether the plaintiff stated a cognizable cause of action and (2) whether the facts support the alleged cause of action.† Emphasis was placed by Peifer, J. on the circumstance of unclear facts of the case such as why Allen’s unscheduled restroom breaks outside of scheduled break times were different from restroom trips made by coworkers outside of their scheduled break times. Also, Judge Peifer argued that cases should be accepted not because of how the result might affect the parties in the individual case, but because of how a holding might affect other persons similarly situated. Peifer held â€Å"employment discrimination due to lactation as unlawful pursuant to R.C. 4112.01(B), that clear public policy justifies an exception to the employment-at-will doctrine for women fired for reasons relating to lactation, and that LaNisa Allen deserves the opportunity-due to the state of the record-to prove her claim before a jury.† Analysis: The significance of this case relates to the importance of establishing suitable evidence for a prima facie case and also to ruling on issues brought forward by cases. Although the affirmed judgment in favor of Isotoner was applicable due to Allen’s failure to provide evidence of sex discrimination related to after effects of pregnancy, it is important for courts to reach a decision on such cases the holding will/has affected other persons similarly situated. Similar cases of discharge or unpaid circumstances have been previously governed, including Fejes v. Gilpin Ventures, Inc. 960 F. Supp 1487and Martinez v. N.B.C. Inc. 49 F.Supp.2d 305l, among others. Therefore sex discrimination due to the aftereffects of pregnancy affects many individuals in Ohio and throughout the United States, and therefore a ruling of whether purported discrimination due to lactation is included within the range of Ohio’s employment-discrimination statute, R.C. 4112.02, as sex discrimination under R.C. 4112.01(B) is vital in reducing sex discrimination in the workplace.

Patch Adams and the Theory of Dysorganization essays

Patch Adams and the Theory of Dysorganization essays Karl Menninger, one of Americas most distinguished psychiatrists, developed a system to effectively categorize and analyze the various mental states of the human mind. Menningers Theory of Dysorganization reveals that there are different levels of deviation in terms of mental awareness that can be used to classify various individuals. The first level of Menningers theory is the state of being nervous. Neurosis and displays of aggressive impulses follow respectively. The final and most severe mental state is known as psychosis. Tom Shadyacs renowned film, Patch Adams, provides effective examples of individuals who can be positioned in each of Menningers four categories of dysorganization. Karl Menninger stated that the average person is nervous approximately 10% of his or her life. Nervousness is marked by having a feeling of unease or apprehension. In Patch Adams both Carin Fisher and Dean Walcott displayed traces of nervousness. Carin suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder. Throughout the movie she was nervous about having a relationship with a man because she was sexually abused in the past. Initially, Miss. Fisher pushed Patch Adams away because she was afraid of being abused again. Dean Walcott was nervous about having a friendly relationship with his patients. Mr. Walcott maintained a strictly professional relationship with his parents at all times. He insisted that his duty was to cure patients, not develop emotional attachments. Dean Walcott claimed that establishing a relationship with his inferior patients mocked and violated the practice of medicine. The second level in the Theory of Dysorganization is neurotic behavior. Neurosis is characterized as any of various mental or emotional disorders arising from no apparent organic lesion or change and involving symptoms such as insecurity, anxiety and depression but without psychotic symptoms. Rudy displayed traces of neuro...

Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States

Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808–July 31, 1875) was the seventeenth president of the United States. He took office after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and was president through the contentious early days of Reconstruction. His vision of Reconstruction was rejected and his presidency was not successful. He was impeached by Congress, averting removal from office by one vote, and was not re-nominated in the following election. Fast Facts: Andrew Johnson Known For:  Seventeenth president of the United States, impeachmentBorn:  December 29, 1808 in Raleigh, North CarolinaParents: Jacob Johnson and Mary Polly McDonough JohnsonDied:  July 31, 1875 in Carters Station, TennesseeEducation: Self-educatedSpouse: Eliza McCardleChildren: Martha, Charles, Mary, Robert, and Andrew Jr.Notable Quote: Honest conviction is my courage; the Constitution is my guide. Early Life and Education Andrew Johnson was born on December 29, 1808, in Raleigh, North Carolina. His father died when Johnson was 3 years old and his mother soon remarried. Johnson was raised in poverty. Both he and his brother William were bound out by their mother as indentured servants to a tailor, working for their food and lodging. In 1824, the brothers ran away, breaking their contract after two years. The tailor advertised a reward for anyone who would return the brothers to him, but they were never captured. Johnson then moved to Tennessee and worked in the tailors trade. He never attended school and he taught himself to read. In 1827, Johnson married Eliza McCardle when he was 18 and she was 16. She was well-educated and tutored him to help him improve his arithmetic and reading and writing skills. Together they had three sons and two daughters.   Rapid Rise in Politics At age 17, Johnson opened his own successful tailor shop in Greenville, Tennessee. He would hire a man to read to him as he sewed and he took an increasing interest in the Constitution and famous orators. Showing political ambition from an early age, Johnson was elected the mayor of Greenville at age 22 (1830–1833). A Jacksonian Democrat, he then served two terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives (1835–1837, 1839–1841). In 1841 he was elected as a Tennessee state senator. From 1843–1853 he was a U.S. representative. From 1853–1857 he served as governor of Tennessee. Johnson was elected in 1857 to be a U.S. senator representing Tennessee. Dissenting Voice While in Congress, Johnson supported the  Fugitive Slave Act  and the right to own slaves. However, when states started to secede  from the Union in 1861, Johnson was the only southern senator who did not agree. Because of this, he retained his seat. Southerners viewed him as a traitor. Ironically, Johnson saw both secessionists and abolitionists as enemies to the Union. During the war, in 1862, Abraham Lincoln made Johnson the military governor of Tennessee. Becoming the President When President Lincoln ran for reelection in 1864, he chose Johnson as his vice president. Lincoln chose him to help balance the ticket with a Southerner who was also pro-Union. Johnson became president upon Abraham Lincolns assassination on April 15, 1865, just six weeks after Lincolns inauguration. Reconstruction Upon succeeding to the presidency, President Johnson attempted to continue with Lincolns vision of  Reconstruction. To heal the nation, Lincoln and Johnson both prioritized leniency and forgiveness for those who seceded from the Union. Johnsons Reconstruction plan would have allowed Southerners who swore an oath of allegiance to the federal government to regain citizenship. He also favored a relatively quick return of power to the states themselves. These conciliatory measures were never really given a chance by either side. The South resisted extending any civil rights to blacks. The ruling party in Congress, the  Radical Republicans, believed Johnson was being far too lenient and was allowing former rebels too much of a role in the new governments of the South. The Radical Republican plans for Reconstruction were more severe. When the  Radical Republicans  passed the Civil Rights Act in 1866, Johnson vetoed the bill. He did not believe that the North should force its views on the South, but instead favored allowing the South to determine its own course. His vetoes on this and 15 other bills were overridden by the Republicans. These were the first instances of presidential vetoes being overridden.  Most white Southerners also opposed Johnsons vision of Reconstruction. Alaska In 1867, Alaska was purchased in what was called Sewards Folly. The United States purchased the land from Russia for $7.2 million upon Secretary of State  William Sewards  advice. Even though many saw it as folly at the time, it eventually proved to have been a very wise investment. Alaska provided the United States with gold and oil, increased the size of the country drastically, and removed Russian influence from the North American continent. Impeachment And continual conflicts between the Congress and the president eventually led to the impeachment trial of President Johnson.  In 1868, the  House of Representatives  voted to impeach President Andrew Johnson for dismissing his  Secretary of War Stanton  against the order of the Tenure of Office Act, which they had just passed in 1867. Johnson became the first president to be impeached while in office. (The second president would be  Bill Clinton.) Upon impeachment, the Senate is required to vote to decide if a president should be removed from office. The Senate voted against this by only one vote. Post-Presidential Period In 1868, after just one term, Johnson was not nominated to run for the presidency. He retired to Greeneville, Tennessee. He attempted to re-enter the U.S. House and Senate but lost both elections. In 1875, he ran for the Senate again and was elected. Death Soon after taking office as U.S. senator, Johnson died on July 31, 1875. He had suffered a stroke while visiting family in Carters Station, Tennessee. Legacy Johnsons presidency was full of strife and dissension. He disagreed with much of the population and leadership on how to administer Reconstruction. As evidenced by his impeachment and the close vote which almost removed him from office, he was not respected and his vision of Reconstruction was disdained. Most historians see him as a weak and even failed president, however his time in office saw the Alaska purchase and, in spite of him, the passage of both the 13th and 14th amendments: freeing the slaves and extending rights to the former slaves. Sources Castel, Albert E. The Presidency of Andrew Johnson. Regents Press of Kansas, 1979.Gordon-Reed, Annette.  Andrew Johnson. The American Presidents Series. Henry Holt and Company, 2011.â€Å"Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson.† C-Span.Trefousse, Hans L. Andrew Johnson: A Biography. Norton, 1989

Exam 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exam 3 - Research Paper Example This order faced many challenges with the migration of the African American to from southern to demonstrate against the violation of the order (Richard 78). This order helped the country during the war that emerged later with the African Americans being referred as janitors in the military sector. Civil Rights Act of 1964- In July 2, 1964, this Act got its creation as a landmark piece of civil rights in the United States in order to outlaw the major forms of discrimination against race, color, religion, sex, and women. The act ended the Jim Crow rules upheld by the Supreme Court that held the racial segregation purported as separate but equal and was constitutional. A congress later saw the benefits of the Civil Rights Act and expanded it to strengthen enforcement of the fundamental rights. During the proposed hearings by the Judiciary committee on the proposed legislation led to the amendment of the bill to broaden the scope of protections. These changes strengthen President Kennedy ’s original proposal on the response to the turbulent summer that saw several incidents of racially aggravated hostility across the south. After a continued fight against its approval, the country saw the benefits of the bill that saw the president in that particular time signs it into law. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)- This federal law enforcement agency enacts laws against workplace discrimination. It encompasses some other laws like the title of the Civil Rights Act 1964, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which protects men and women who perform equal work in the same founding from sex- based discrimination. It also covers Age Discrimination in Employment of 1967, which protects folks above 40 years of age, or older (Hay 100). The United States Employment Opportunity Commission enforces all the above laws and provides an oversight and harmonization of all equal employment opportunity regulations, practices, and policies. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADE A) OF 1967- This protects folks of 40 years of age and above from employment discrimination. This applies both job applicant and employees. According to the law, it is illegal to discriminate any person because of age with respect to any term, condition, privilege of service. This includes hiring, sacking, endorsement, layoff, reimbursement, paybacks, training, and job assignments. It applies to those employers with 20 or more workers including state, local governments, employment agencies, labor organizations, and the federal government. This has helped the government from risks associated with equal considerations in the workplace. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1973- It is a federal law enacted on September 26, 1973 and is known as the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that replaces the Vocational rehabilitation Act. It covers those individuals with a special history of handicaps or any health complications. Special programs held to pay tribute to people with disabilities prohibits discrimination against any disability in the agencies, in programs receiving Federal Financial assistance, employment among others. This helps value the contribution from those with disabilities. Question 2 Some people remain more fortunate than others in which they remain promoted while others stay at the middle or at the bottom of the positional ladder. This rise in rank

MIcro-Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MIcro-Economics - Essay Example The first two months of the fourth quarter PAF was 95%. For the second and the third quarter the company recorded 83% and 85% respectively which was as a result of increased supply of coal from India. The steady supply of coal to meet demand will be facilitated by the signed agreement with India, to supply coal which will be fully completed by 2013. The terms price, demand and supply have their application in the attached article. Supply is the quantity of goods that are available to clients. In the attached article, thermal power corporation effectiveness depends on the amount of coal supplied. Demand is the aspiration to have something for instance, the power produced will be in great demand when the plant availability factor is low, because of scarcity. Price on the other hand is the amount paid back for goods or services provided (Glazer and Hirshleifer, 68). In this case price will stabilize if the supply of coal will be guaranteed as a result of signed pact. Coal therefore is an important natural resource for power production in the economy and to the people who consumes it. National Thermal Power Corporation or NTPC has shown higher capacity availability or plant availability factor during the first two months of the current quarter, indicating improved coal supply, according to data with the Central Electricity Authority. This augurs well for the state-run company considering that the previous two quarters were not so good for it and earnings declined due to lack of coal availability. This led to concerns over capacity availability of its thermal plants, which is directly linked to availability of coal. The plant availability factor or PAF of a plant is the maximum time that it can produce electricity over a given period and is mainly linked to fuel availability. Higher the availability of fuel, higher will be the PAF. NTPCs PAF for the first two months of the fourth quarter was 95%. The company witnessed PAF of 83% and 85% for the

Issues and trends on education all over the world & Magna Carta for Essay

Issues and trends on education all over the world & Magna Carta for Public School Teachers(philippines) - Essay Example (Papastergiou, Marina, 2008 – 2009) Such a trend puts an end to classroom monotony, reduces the work load of the teacher and at the same time making learning an enjoyable experience. According to the ‘Early Childhood Education Journal’ (2009) Educational Programs such as â€Å"Every Child Matters† â€Å"Education for all† and â€Å"Sure Start† and Kindergarten programs such as the ‘Froebelian kindergarten and the â€Å"Montessori† such as â€Å"Casa Die Bambini† (Children’s house) (Saracho, Olivia N.; Spodek, Bernard, 2009) Programs are all ‘Child – Centered’ and are very much in keeping with the contemporary educational patterns. Other trends in the field of education include the integration of research and the best educational practices during the learning experience in the classroom. Incorporating a highly competent faculty who are specialized in both theory and practice and a continuous professional development and upgrading of schools on a regular basis. Besides using multi-media for teaching in the Classroom, the education rendered should be child- centered and effective so it prepares the child for life in the society. is a declaration policy by the government that was brought about for promoting and improving the economic and social status for all the public school teachers. The policy Sought to improve both the working as well as living conditions of the teachers. It was the guideline in terms of strategies to be followed in terms of carrier prospects and employment in the teaching profession. (Sec.1) The Magna Carta had certain specifications regarding qualification and recruitment of teachers at different levels i. e. Kindergarten, primary, elementary, High School etc. It enumerates rules which cover the Conduct of teachers, Tenure of Service, period of probation, transfer and safeguarding issues, Administrative and

Hearing Loss Attributed to the 21st Century use of Personal Music Player Essay Example for Free

Hearing Loss Attributed to the 21st Century use of Personal Music Player Essay In the recent few years leisure noise has become one of the threats to the hearing as it can reach high volumes and an increasing number of people are exposed. The danger is not only exposed by the music from the clubs but also it has been extended to the new generation of music players which are known to produce sounds at high volumes. Across Europe it is estimated that millions of people are using personal music players on a daily basis and in most of the cases these gadgets are being used inappropriately putting the user at a great risk of ear damage. This is a serious concern as the emerging technology may cause numerous problems to the people who are fond of using these entertainment gadgets. To add salt into the injury the users are exposing themselves to this particular danger for a long time as they are spending substantial time listening to music using ear phones. The amount of time one exposes to the sound of loud music from the personal music players increases the chances of hearing loss. The children and the youth are at risk as they have been noted to constitute the highest proportion of users. In this paper I will discuss the dangers involved in the use of personal music player and at the same time bring into the understanding who should be blamed for the hearing loss as a result of the constant use of these gadgets. Is it the makers of the personal music players or should we blame the users for putting their life at risk? A scientific study that was carried out for the European Union revealed that noise from the personal music players is a routine pollution for many people. It threatens permanent damage of the ear to as many as hundred million people in Europe and other parts of the world. The report indicated that those people who listened to the music for a continuous five hours per week on high volume were exposing themselves to high noise than it is allowed in the factory work places. This means that users of the personal music player who prefer to listen to their music on high volume are at a worse position than workers who are located in a noisy factory in an industrial hub. (Linkov,I and Steevens,J 2009 359) Experts argue that the maximum volume from these equipments can generate as much noise as an aero plane that is taking off. That kind of noise is enough to make a person have a quick and permanent hearing loss. The worst thing according to this report is that the users do not realize the problem until very late. This is the time when the damage has already been caused and nothing can be done about it. It is a very sad situation where a young person with bright future prospects losses his or her ability to hear at such an early age, it can be a very devastating experience but whom do we blame? Do we pass the buck to the manufacturer of these gadgets fro their neglect or do we blame the users for sometimes knowingly exposing themselves to dangers through their constant use of the music players. (Jameson,P and Romer,D 2008 347) The MP3 generation is headed for permanent hearing impairment in the cause of their lives. The youth are at the greatest risk as well as the older people too, in twenty seven countries across Europe it is estimated that fifty to a hundred million people out of five hundred people may be listening to a portable personal music player at any given time. Equivalents of five percent listeners who expose themselves to these new generation entertainment gadgets for more than one hour are at the greatest risk. These statistics have raised fears among some people prompting them to take some actions so as to avoid a future generation which has numerous problems which has been caused by things which can only be described as luxurious. In the year 2006 a man in Louisiana sued one of the manufacturing firms, The Apple claiming that this company had failed to take enough steps to prevent the problem of hearing loss among the users of one its popular product, the iPod. The suit which was filed in a federal district court in California city of San Jose claimed that iPod produces a sound which is as loud as one hundred and fifteen decibels when the maximum sound that is considered safe for listening is eighty five decibels. To this man the Apple Company was to blame for the problem that is threatening to have millions of deaf people in some years to come. I tend to disagree with his sentiments as it is clearly evident that the ipods sold by this company and many other manufacturer comes with a warning in the manual where the users are warned about the dangers they expose themselves into through playing the music in high volumes from their personal music players. It is blatantly clear that the users expose themselves to the risk of hearing loss through ignoring the warnings given by the manufacturers. The companies can not escape blame too, such warnings are printed using very tiny fonts such that not all the users might get a chance to read the small inscriptions which are usually placed on a page where the user might not even see. (Kirk,R and Mayshork,C 2007 73) The risk involved do not only come from ipods, the portable phones and personal stereos pose a similar problem as their earphones leads to a high sound exposure than any other type of a listening device. It has been stressed that young people who continue to expose themselves through listening to the high volume music from their music devices usually run into the risk of developing some hearing complications by the time they hit their twenties. Problems such as persistent tinnitus which is induced by high volume music has been reported common among the people in their youth and are constant users of the personal music devices. Despite this problem the same people continue using these devices. Therefore the problem squarely lies with the users, they are clearly aware of the risks involved, they have gone through numerous problems which have been as a result of their insatiable appetite for entertainment but they still continue to expose themselves to the risk. This can only be termed as deliberate move by these users to harm themselves and it is for this reason we can not blame the companies for the problems that are being experienced by the MP3 generation. The manufacturing firms only came to fill the gap that existed; they offer satisfaction to the people who are keen on entertainment especially when they are on move. They have clearly indicated the dangers one can expose him or herself to if the device is not used properly, that is if it is put on high volumes but the users choose to ignore such information for their personal reasons. (Tulchinsky,T and Varavikova,N 2000 285) The choices we make in life determine the direction we head, if we make the right ones we will always be on the right direction, if we happen to take the wrong choices as we mostly do then we are bound to blame others for the trouble we may get ourselves into later in our lives. It is extremely important for us to make the right decision as pertaining what we do as the opposite can lead to devastating effects. People have a choice of either buying a personal music player or any other similar device, they make a choice as to whether they will listen to the music high or low, it is basically a matter of choice. There is nothing about MP3 technology that can directly lead to hearing loss. It is the choice we make. For those users who choose to always put their devices at manageable and recommended sounds the problem of hearing impairment might not affect them but for those who choose to ignore the warnings given by the manufacturers, this problem will affect the rest of their lives. They just make a mistake of listening to the music on loud volumes for too long therefore exposing themselves to al manner of dangers associated with the noise. (Chan,S and Kwok,S 2003 34) The European Union is planning to regulate the volumes on personal music players and other stereos due to the fears that usage of these devices is causing the damage to the ears. This action has been precipitated by the findings of the scientific commission which was given a task of coming out with ways in to which this problem that is threatening the ability of million to hear can be tackled. In normal circumstances the personal music players are allowed to go up to one hundred decibels but when it used with an inbuilt headphones the sound can go up to one hundred and twenty. This is way above the recommended safe sound volumes which are close to eighty five. The recommended sound levels by the European Union committee are eighty, a figure which has been pointed out as safe enough to warrant any fears. This clearly points out that it is only a matter of educating the users on how they are supposed to go about listening to music using their sophisticated technology. If someone decided to ignore the message, he or she can not blame the manufacturing company for the problems that hearing problems which might occur later in life due to inappropriate use of the device (Linkov,I and Steevens,J 2009 359) For the sake of those who ignore the information given by the manufacturers, the makers of these devices should be advised to limit the volume levels so that they do not exceed the recommended limits. Though this might affect their sales it is the right thing to do as it will save those who have a problem following the given instructions. The company will in the short term suffer minimal losses but in the long term they will have more users as they will have expanded the markets as the effects of these devices to the ears will be minimal. The users will have won the confident of the music players as they have been set according to the standards which are considered safe for average use. (Davis,G 2004 40) The government can not limit the time a given person will spend on the personal music player. This is an individual choice; we spend as much time as we can get on these entertainment gadgets. Therefore it is up to the users to limit themselves as to how long they are going to be exposed . The user should ensure that they spend less time listening to the music through their devices to minimise the risk involved. All these points indicate that the manufacturing companies have no role to play as far as the usage of the personal music player is concerned. Their duty is to inform the users of the dangers involved through playing it loud and continuos exposure over a long period. The rest lies with the person using the gadget to decide how much time he or she is going to spend listening and on what volume they will get their music. If one decides to put his or her health at risk you can not turn at the company and blame it for the presonal problems which were as aresult of own volition. The government has the responsibility of ensuring that the manufacturing company follow the standards as far as making of the personal music players is concerned. This will go a long way in saving the users who are conscious about their health. The recommeded standards should include limiting the volume settings to a particular level which can not harm the user even if the decide to ignore the warnings. People need to take a responsibility as far as their actions are concerned. There is a need for every user to take precautiosn as far as usage of these devices is concerned. Inappropriate use can lead to devastatiting health effects which would have been prevented if the user was careful. Technology advancement has come to make our lives easier and more enjoyable. This can only be achieved if we use this technology appropriately,use of personal music player beyond the recommended sound volume can lead to seroius effects which are not related to the manufacturing. The user have all the responsibility to ensure that this piece of sophistication does not harm him or her rather it serves the right purpose which is entertainment. (Markel,G 2007 25) The manufacturing company should carry a warning on the users who violate the instructions which comes along with the product. They have a responsibility to save the end users from their own ignorance. They can do this through offering and sponsoring sessions where users get to be taught on the proper methods of handling these entertainment equipement. This can help save some people but the biggest part should be played by the end user,they must use the device responsbly so as to avoid complications that might be brought by high sound volumes besides the time spent listening to the music at the expense of other important actiivities such as studying. The sole responsbility of the hearing loss as a result of inappropriate use of the personal music player and other related devices lies squarely on the user. He or she has the ability to control its use and therefore ealding a healthy life. (Anderson,B 2004 103) Work Cited Tulchinsky,T and Varavikova,N The New Public Health:An Introduction for the 21st Century,Academic Press (2000) Linkov,I and Steevens,J Nanomaterials ,Spring Publishers (2009) Davis,G How to do Everything with your iPod and iPod Mini,Mac Graw Hill Professionals (2004) Chan,S and Kwok,S Culture and Humanity in the new Millenium:the Future of Human Value Chinese University Press (2003) Kirk,R and Mayshork,C Personal Health in Ecological Perspective,Mosby (2007) Markel,G Defeating the 8 Demons of Distraction,Geraldine Markel (2007) Jameson,P and Romer,D The Changing Portrayal of the Adloescents on the Media Since 1950,Oxford University Press (2008) Anderson,B Bringing Business to Life:Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility,ASQ Quality Publishers (2004)